Monday, Week 3 - New week, new challenges - katakana
So, it's week 3 already. I've written and read hiragana often enough to recognize all characters that I
encounter in a text now. Last week's chapter (2) introduced katakana which is the second writing system
in Japanese. There are equally as many characters as in hiragana.
I find that katakana is harder to learn because the characters are so simple that they look like each other.
It can be quite confusing in the beginning. Here are some characters that I find easier to remember because
their corresponding hiragana character looks about the same (excuse my horrible handwriting):
As usual my way to learn new characters is to write it many times. At the same time you will improve your handwriting,
quite useful if you want somebody to understand what you write...
For more details about katakana, check out the katakana section.
I practiced writing for about 30 minutes and then I went on with DreamKana (a simple and useful flashcard software) until
I got tired of it. I will try to practice a couple of minutes with DreamKana every day this week, hopefully it will be
enough.
Tuesday, Week 3 - Verbs, verbs, verbs
Chapter three introduces many new things like verbs and more complicated sentence structure.
Another thing that is introduced is kanji (Chinese characters).
Verbs
Verbs in Japanese are grouped into different categories, this week we learn how to use "ru-verbs" and "u-verbs".
Verbs ending with ru like たべる (eat) are usually ru-verbs and those ending with u like のむ are u-verbs.
Example ru-verb
| たべる (eat) |
| Stem | たべ |
| Present, affirmative | たべます |
| Present, negative | たべません |
わたしはあさごはんを
たべます - I eat breakfast
For more information about verbs, see the verbs section.
This week's sentence structure
Particles used
| は - | Indicates the topic. |
| で - | Indicates the place that has to do with the verb in the sentence. |
| に - | Used for time. There are other uses as well, but this will do for now. |
| を - | Indicates the object of the action. |
| Topic | |
time | |
place | |
object | |
verb |
| ____ |
は |
_____ |
に |
_____ |
で |
_____ |
を |
_____。 |
| (わたし | は) |
| |
| |
コーヒー | を |
のみます。 |
| I drink coffee. |
| (わたし | は) |
| |
きっさてん | で |
コーヒー | を |
のみます。 |
| I drink coffee at the café. |
| (わたし | は) |
しちじ | に |
きっさてん | で |
コーヒー | を |
のみます。 |
| I drink coffee in the café at seven o'clock. |
More examples
| うちでテレビをみます。 | I watch tv at home. |
| 京都にいきません。 | I will not go to Kyoto. |
| しがつに東京でいきます。 | I will go to Tokyo in April. |
Wednesday, Week 3 - Time time
Plural in Japanese doesn't exist, with one exception. That is to add 々 after the word to be pluralized.
The 々 character makes a duplication of the preceding word (a kanji).
This only works for some words though, not all.
Examples of pluralizing nouns
人々 (hitobito) - People
木々 (kigi) - Trees
日々 (hibi) - Days
山々 (yamayama) - Mountains
Example of modifying
時々 (tokidoki) - Sometimes
Thursday, Week 3 - Weekdays and months
I think it's time to introduce the weekdays and months in Japanese. All days end with ようび and months with
がつ.
Weekdays
| Hiragana | Kanji | |
| げつようび | 月曜日 | Monday |
| かようび | 火曜日 | Tuesday |
| すいようび | 水曜日 | Wednesday |
| もくようび | 木曜日 | Thursday |
| きんょうび | 金曜日 | Friday |
| どようび | 土曜日 | Saturday |
| にちようび | 日曜日 | Sunday |
| | | |
One interesting thing with the weekdays is that the first kanji in Tuesday to Saturday stands for an element.
| 月 | Moon |
| 火 | Fire |
| 水 | Water |
| 木 | Wood |
| 金 | Metal |
| 土 | Earth |
| 日 | Sun |
Months
| いちがつ | 一月 | January |
| にがつ | 二月 | February |
| さんがつ | 三月 | March |
| しがつ | 四月 | April |
| ごがつ | 五月 | May |
| ろくがつ | 六月 | June |
| しちがつ | 七月 | July |
| はちがつ | 八月 | August |
| きゅうがつ | 九月 | September |
| じゅうがつ | 十月 | October |
| じゅういちがつ | 十一月 | November |
| じゅうにがつ | 十二月 | December |
Friday, Week 3 - Shopping
Today we practiced shopping phrases on the conversation class. Putting together what we learnt
about ko/so/a/do and
numbers.
Example dialogue
| A: | すみません。このとけいはいくらですか。 |
| B: | そのとけいはにせんえんです。 |
| A: | たかいですね。 |
| B: | あのとけいはせんごひゃくえんですよ。 |
| A: | じゃあ、あのとけいをください。 |
| A: | Excuse me, how much is this watch? |
| B: | That watch is 2000 yen. |
| A: | It's expensive. |
| B: | That watch over there is 1500 yen. |
| A: | Then, I'll take that watch. |