Learn Japanese in 20 weeks
Monday, Week 3  -  New week, new challenges - katakana

So, it's week 3 already. I've written and read hiragana often enough to recognize all characters that I encounter in a text now. Last week's chapter (2) introduced katakana which is the second writing system in Japanese. There are equally as many characters as in hiragana.

I find that katakana is harder to learn because the characters are so simple that they look like each other. It can be quite confusing in the beginning. Here are some characters that I find easier to remember because their corresponding hiragana character looks about the same (excuse my horrible handwriting):

Similar characters in hiragana and katakana

As usual my way to learn new characters is to write it many times. At the same time you will improve your handwriting, quite useful if you want somebody to understand what you write...

Katakana writing practice


For more details about katakana, check out the katakana section.

I practiced writing for about 30 minutes and then I went on with DreamKana (a simple and useful flashcard software) until I got tired of it. I will try to practice a couple of minutes with DreamKana every day this week, hopefully it will be enough.



Tuesday, Week 3  -  Verbs, verbs, verbs

Chapter three introduces many new things like verbs and more complicated sentence structure. Another thing that is introduced is kanji (Chinese characters).

Verbs
Verbs in Japanese are grouped into different categories, this week we learn how to use "ru-verbs" and "u-verbs". Verbs ending with ru like たべる (eat) are usually ru-verbs and those ending with u like のむ are u-verbs.

Example ru-verb
たべる (eat)
Stemたべ
Present, affirmativeたべます
Present, negativeたべません

わたしはあさごはんをたべます - I eat breakfast

For more information about verbs, see the verbs section.

This week's sentence structure

Particles used
は - Indicates the topic.
で - Indicates the place that has to do with the verb in the sentence.
に - Used for time. There are other uses as well, but this will do for now.
を - Indicates the object of the action.
Topic time place object verb
____ _____ _____ _____ _____。
(わたし コーヒー のみます。
I drink coffee.
(わたし きっさてん コーヒー のみます。
I drink coffee at the café.
(わたし しちじ きっさてん コーヒー のみます。
I drink coffee in the café at seven o'clock.
More examples
うちテレビみます。I watch tv at home.
京都いきません。I will not go to Kyoto.
しがつ東京いきます。I will go to Tokyo in April.


Wednesday, Week 3  -  Time time

Plural in Japanese doesn't exist, with one exception. That is to add 々 after the word to be pluralized. The 々 character makes a duplication of the preceding word (a kanji). This only works for some words though, not all.

Examples of pluralizing nouns
人々 (hitobito) - People
木々 (kigi) - Trees
日々 (hibi) - Days
山々 (yamayama) - Mountains

Example of modifying
時々 (tokidoki) - Sometimes


Thursday, Week 3  -  Weekdays and months

I think it's time to introduce the weekdays and months in Japanese. All days end with ようび and months with がつ.

Weekdays
HiraganaKanji
げつようび月曜日Monday
かようび火曜日Tuesday
すいようび水曜日Wednesday
もくようび木曜日Thursday
きんょうび金曜日Friday
どようび土曜日Saturday
にちようび日曜日Sunday
 

One interesting thing with the weekdays is that the first kanji in Tuesday to Saturday stands for an element.

Moon
Fire
Water
Wood
Metal
Earth
Sun

Months
いちがつ一月January
にがつ二月February
さんがつ三月March
しがつ四月April
ごがつ五月May
ろくがつ六月June
しちがつ七月July
はちがつ八月August
きゅうがつ九月September
じゅうがつ十月October
じゅういちがつ十一月November
じゅうにがつ十二月December


Friday, Week 3  -  Shopping

Today we practiced shopping phrases on the conversation class. Putting together what we learnt about ko/so/a/do and numbers.

Example dialogue
A:すみません。このとけいはいくらですか。
B:そのとけいはにせんえんです。
A:たかいですね。
B:あのとけいはせんごひゃくえんですよ。
A:じゃあ、あのとけいをください。

A:Excuse me, how much is this watch?
B:That watch is 2000 yen.
A:It's expensive.
B:That watch over there is 1500 yen.
A:Then, I'll take that watch.

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